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• Hue refers to the origin of the color we see. Think of the Hue as one of the six Primary and Secondary colors. In other words, the underlying base color of the mixture you're looking at is either Yellow, Orange, Red, Violet, Blue or Green. In the photo at the top of the page, you obviously know the Hues right away.
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Light is made up of wavelengths of light, and each wavelength is a particular colour. The colour we see is a result of which wavelengths are reflected back to our eyes.

Visible light

Visible light is the small part within the electromagnetic spectrum that human eyes are sensitive to and can detect.

Visible light waves consist of different wavelengths. The colour of visible light depends on its wavelength. These wavelengths range from 700 nm at the red end of the spectrum to 400 nm at the violet end.

One solution for providing white light is to combine different colored bulbs into one fixture. Basic units combine blue and red. More advanced units will include yellow and green bulbs. Since a typical fixture contains many bulbs, it can be customized to produce different amounts of each color. Tap Color Lite - Color By Number, also known as coloring game, coloring book, painting by number, is the TOP coloring game for adults to number coloring thousands of drawings and coloring pages! Destress with the best color by number app for adults! Beautiful art coloring pages are updated every day for you to relax your mind! Explore 10,000+ amazing free pictures and enjoy number drawing your.

White light is actually made of all of the colours of the rainbow because it contains all wavelengths, and it is described as polychromatic light. Light from a torch or the Sun is a good example of this.

Light from a laser is monochromatic, which means it only produces one colour. (Lasers are extremely dangerous and can cause permanent eye damage. Extreme care must be taken to ensure that light from a laser never enters someone’s eyes.)

Colour of objects

Objects appear different colours because they absorb some colours (wavelengths) and reflected or transmit other colours. The colours we see are the wavelengths that are reflected or transmitted.

For example, a red shirt looks red because the dye molecules in the fabric have absorbed the wavelengths of light from the violet/blue end of the spectrum. Red light is the only light that is reflected from the shirt. If only blue light is shone onto a red shirt, the shirt would appear black, because the blue would be absorbed and there would be no red light to be reflected.

White objects appear white because they reflect all colours. Black objects absorb all colours so no light is reflected.

Colour detection

The retina of our eyes contains two types of photoreceptors – rods and cones. The cones detect colour. The rods only let us see things in black, white and grey. Our cones only work when the light is bright enough, but not when light is very dim. This is why things look grey and we cannot see colours at night when the light is dim.

There are three types of cones in the human eye that are sensitive to short (S), medium (M) and long (L) wavelengths of light in the visible spectrum. (These cones have traditionally been known as blue-sensitive, green-sensitive and red-sensitive, but as each cone is actually responsive to a range of wavelengths, the S, M and L labels are more accepted now.)

These three types of colour receptor allow the brain to perceive signals from the retina as different colours. Some estimate that humans are able to distinguish about 10 million colours.

Mixing colours

The primary colours of light are red, green and blue. Mixing these colours in different proportions can make all the colours of the light we see. This is how TV and computer screens work. If you look at a screen with a magnifying glass you will be able to see that only these three colours are being used. For example, red and green lights are used to make our brain perceive the image as yellow.

When coloured lights are mixed together, it is called additive mixing. Red, green and blue are the primary colours for additive mixing. If all of these colours of light are shone onto a screen at the same time, you will see white.

This is different when you are mixing paints. Each colour of paint is absorbing certain colours and reflecting others. Each time another colour of paint is mixed in, there are more colours absorbed and less are reflected. The primary colours for adding paints or dyes, such as for a computer printer, are yellow, magenta and cyan. If you mix all of these colours together, you will absorb all the light and will only see black, because no light will be reflected back to your eyes.

One Color Liter

You can easily experiment with this. Hold some coloured cellophane in front of your eyes and have a look around. Notice how some colours are changed and others look similar. Figure out which colours are being absorbed.

Nature of science

It sometimes takes a long time for new scientific knowledge to become widespread. For example, many people used to think that dogs could only see in black and white. It is now known that dogs have two kinds of colour receptors that allow them to see yellows and purples. Even though the initial experiment was done in 1989, many people are still unaware that dogs can see some colours.

Related content

Ever wonder why fluorescent colours look so bright? It is all due to energy, as explained in the article Light – colour and fluorescence.

Useful links

Experiment with mixing the primary colours of lights and paints using these simulations on the Causes of color website.

One Color Literacy

Find out about how dogs do have some colour vision and how they see the world in this article from Live Science.

Download this PDF from The Physics Teacher to find out how to make a colour light mixer using LEDs and a ping-pong ball.

Read this tutorial about Human perception, Spatial awareness and Illusions on Biology Online to learn about human perception.

How To Buy LED Bulbs for Your Home

Lighting your home or business comprises around 15% of your overall energy bills. On average, $200 is spent each year to light your home. These numbers may not seem like a lot, but consider this—you can cut that expense in half with little cost and almost no effort on your part. By simply replacing incandescent lightbulbs with LEDs, you can significantly lower your home's energy costs and help reduce your carbon footprint

Light Bulb Comparison

Why can’t I get CFLs anymore?

CFLs were once the cutting edge of energy efficiency. So where did they go? The short answer is LEDs came along and made them obsolete. LEDs are more efficient, longer lasting, and safer than any other bulb on the market.

Brightness (Lumens) and Temperature (Kelvins) in LEDs

We typically think of the brightness of a lightbulb in wattage. However, wattage simply represents the amount of energy needed to use the bulb. The lumens scale indicates the brightness of a bulb and should be used when selecting your new LED. To save the most money on your electric bills, replace your bulbs with the lowest wattage for the desired lumens (brightness). We make it easy for you by listing the comparable incandescent wattage on every lightbulb product page.

Ready to make the switch? EnergyEarth is here to help make it easy for you. The lightbulb lumens to wattage chart below will help you understand which LED bulb is comparable to your current incandescent bulb. Simply take your current incandescent watts and select the corresponding LED bulb equivalent on the lumens brightness scale. Pay close attention to lumens, since this number indicates the brightness, or light output, of the bulb. To save the most energy, choose the bulb with the lowest wattage suitable for its usage.

The Kelvin Scale

Light color, or color temperature, is measured using the Kelvin scale. LEDs are available in warm colors (low k) to match the yellowish light of incandescent bulbs, but you can also choose cooler colors (high k) with whiter or bluer light. Here’s a color temperature chart for reference:

What Shape LED Should I Choose?

LEDs come in a wide variety of sizes and fittings. The most common are:

• A-shape: Maintains the same look as incandescent bulbs and are often used in fixtures where the bulb is visible.
• Globe: Just like the globes you already have, but more efficient. For use in bathroom vanities, pendant fixtures, and other areas where the bulb is visible.
• Semi Globe: Can be used in any fixture you would place a globe. These eliminate light waste by directing the light forward from the fixture.
• Reflector: Ideal for ceiling fans, recessed cans, and tracking lighting as these provide directional lighting to an area.
• Candelabra/Flame Tip: Perfect for wall sconces, some ceiling fans, and covered outdoor fixtures where candle lights are desired.
• Outdoor: Wet-rated, meaning they can be used outside in exposed fixtures without damage to the bulb or fixture. Most are reflector shaped, making them perfect for outdoor flood lights.
• 3-Way: Just like incandescent 3-way bulbs. These can switch between 3 light levels, making them ideal for many table and floor lamps. Only use LEDs that are specifically designated for use in 3-way sockets for optimal savings. (Different from dimmable bulbs)
• Dimmable: Made especially for use in dimmer switches. Avoid using non-dimmable LEDs with a dimmer switch as their lifespan will be reduced.

Click Indoor Lighting or Outdoor Lighting and use our chart to determine the type of bulb you need.

You will want to factor in your specific application and the type of fixture you have to ensure you select the proper bulb for your home.

How Else Can I Save Money and Energy?

Beyond replacing your old incandescent with LEDs, there are lots of changes you can make that will save you money and energy in the long run.

• Install dimmer switches to make your new lightbulbs last even longer and extend your savings.
• Add timers, smart LEDs, or smart plugs to your indoor and outdoor lighting to ensure you’re only using energy and spending money when and where you need it.
• Install a programmable or smart thermostat to help regulate your heating and cooling temperatures during peak usage times.

EnergyEarth has created this lightbulb buying guide to help you make an educated decision when it comes to updating the bulbs in your home. Can’t find the information you’re looking for? Contact us with any questions about LEDs or other energy efficient products for your home.